Roadway composition.



e. ceueosmons,

COATING OR PLASTIC- Examiner 2 3, 555' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

noBEnr FULTON 'ronrxms, or new YORK, N. 2., ASSIGNOR 'ro THE BINDER comrm, a CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ROADWAY COMPOSITION.

No Drawing.

To' all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT FULTON TOMP- KINS, citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roadway Compositions, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to roads or roadways and process of constructing the same and has forits object the formation of compounds or substances with or from constituents of a road body, base, or dressing which are of cementitious nature, by exposing the associated materials to the action of carboncontamm acids, such as tann1c, res1mc allphatlc efc. or substance$capable of formor delivering such mg, yielding, producing15h t I t b e ma eria o e acid in the presence 0 bonded or cemented. 7

As an example of a road constructed in accordance with the present invention, a road or roadway of the macadam or similar type asociated with ingredients and constructed'in accordance with the present invention, will be taken as an illustration.

The macadam type of road or roadway is formed of a vehicle carrier or matrix containing .substances such as compoug ds of 1 1 1 9 l, m nesium 3113 t e like, p l of formihs tensesistantnmanasa s with carbon-contzriing acids, such as tannic acid, capable of unitin with the metal'bas e of such compounds an uniting the same in a. cementitious manner. The said road or roadway is provided with a top dressin of similar material associated m e usual finer grades of mineral filler, the ingredients of the top dressing Being caused to cohere and adhere by means of the metal tap n a t e s directly or indirectly formeir wlien associated therewith.

A construction of this character thus provides a superiorcementing agent of nonvolatile nature, having sufficient natural moisture retaining properties,while of inherent water-repellent nature, to prevent drying out while causing the solid particles of the roadway or roadbed to cohere or adhere ina flexible, resilient and elastic manner.

In constructing the roadbed, the ordinar ingredients, such as broken to sand gavel and the like, are mixed 9. r t e or- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 15, 1913. Serial No. 784,885.

I Patented Jan. 23, 1917.

dinary well known fashion, and this road body is mixed with an or anic or carboncontainin a i or substance containing 6 same, such as tannic acid or tannic acid associated with such VGHICIGS as are ordinarily present in the tannin extracts of barks or wo in proportion 0 'one 0' t e concentrate liguor containin a roximatel 25 per cent, of finnic or substances capa e of yie ding t e same, to three of water by volume. The road construction material is mixed with this tannlc ac1d-conalnmg or yielding liquor, in suflicient wise placed in proper position or location whereby it will become set or fixed in composite form as a road-b0dy.

The road bed, when it has been properly provided as aforesaid is spread with a to dressing of granulated or finelv divddfi materla associated with tannic aci? or tannic acid producing, yiei mg or e lvering substances, such as the extract of barks and woods and more particu ar y such materials as extract of chestnut wood and the like whic are a apta e or t e tanna'ge of skins in the production of leather. This dressing is then rolled in and upon the roadway forming a compact dressing of more or less water-repellent nature, but of suflicient water-absorbent character to retain the aci -formin ieldin deliver-1n or 5ear-. ing substances, in such a manner that the fric iona su tances are anchored to, ce-

mented by, or united with a surface of the asphalt coating.

Some of the advantages of a road of this expansion.-

character over roads constructed hitherto, the moisture dislodged or dissipated by resides in the fact that the comminuted parevaporation through the action of heat, such ticle's of the road produced by wear and tear as the sun, etc., due to the binding or cementduring use by tires of vehicles and the like, ing constituents inherent properties, of hyare held together by the natural binding, or grosco ic nature. A cementing character of the metal tannate Asp alt roads or roadways dressed with produced and present and preven e arge frictional substances, suc as sand, bonded from being converted into dust by circulaor united with metal carbon-containing tion in currents of air actuated by the movement of vehicles. The moisture occluded or hygroscopic nature, holds down the dressing held by the metal tannates being displaced against the flow of water over the imperunder pressure of the vehicle weight upon it, meable asphalt containing surface, and the catches and secures any associated fine madressing thus retained I or anchored to the terial in juxtaposition thereto, and holds asphalt will largely enhance the frictionpf the same to the contacting material containthe road surface under pressure, or attriing the metal tannates while under pressure, tion and retard the slipping of horses shoes and thereafter when the elastic tannates reand the skidding of vehicle tires, the slipcover or resume their original volume by ping and skidding of which presents one of the greatest difiiculties and objections to the he action of heat on a road bed or road employment of asphalt as a top dressing of the character of the present invention per se, and it also provides a means for andoes not have the effect of destroying the choring sheeted particles of ice, which may compounds or salts such as metal tannate of cohering and adhering properties of the form on the road bed, to the surface of the binding or cementing tannate or non-volaasphalt, thereby increasing the utility of astile metal tannic acid compound retaining phalt roads and preventing this other se- .moisture, asis the case where oils are emrions objection to their employment. The

composite coatm or dressing of mineral.

ployed which are of more or less dry or volatilizable character. substances bonde together by metal carbon- -Where oil alone is used to cause the coggntainingacid salts or compounds, also herence or adherence of particles in a road forms a gravity "blanket complrising coheror road dressing, it is not only lost by evapomg and adherm particles w en employed ration and dr ing out, but it likewise rein conjunction with the roadbed of existing duces the gravity of the fine contacting parroads, railroads or other viaducts for veticles of the road dressing so that water, hicles or other purposes, whereby the cefrom rain or other source, causes it to float mented aggregated material is collectively and be carried off. Oil also produces an inretained against currents of air and the road 'urious and disintegrating effect upon vvebed protected against water and currents icle tires and greases and destroys the apthereof removing the surface. This matepearance of varnish and other finish upon rial spread upon such roads as asphalt roads vehicles, exerts a deleterious action on metal, not only provides a superior surface of fric' wood and leather, as well as creating a tional nature, butalso protects the asphalt greasy, dusty atmosphere, injurious to the surface against wear and loss of volatile eyes and clothes and which also settles in constituents, which is often, occasioned by 'houses upon furniture and other contents the action of the heat of the sun, thus proin the vicinity and contaminates water upon longing the life and utility of such treated which it falls, such as contained in reser-' as halt-containing roads.

voirs and the like, and also forms a sticky he average composition of contamination on clothes, which is hard to d extract referred to as an applicable remove, all of which disadvantages are obspeciesor constituent to be em loyed as a viated by the employment of metal carbon; vehicle or carrier, or deliverer o tannic acid containin acid salts or com ound emto constituents of a road or road dressing, ployed as binding br' cementing agents such or substances to be employed with relation as metal tannates, which metal tannates or 'thereto, is as follows:

cofiipoufils of carbon-containing acids be- 1 other materials, when cementing thesame, as .a mineral road dressing, a substance of greater gravity or increasing gravsoluble, tanni 25.22%, non-tannins 15.85, insolug [$56.35,

a a ished road with water. in proportion of one of the compositions to three of the ity with relation to water, than oil, so that water, and the diluted composition applied it is not so readily washed aw y',-and at the by means of sprinkling so that as the subsame time maintains the road dressing in a stance. is absorbed into the road dressing, naturally and progressively moist condition surface or road bed, the acid content reacts by taking up or absorbing moisture from the or combines with the metal base of the comout o J. y

' atmosphere automatically,to compensate for pounds present, such as compounds of iron,

calcium ma esium and the like, and forms therewiili a chemically cemg te d bi i der of W water-retaining charwatergepellent an WT k.

r The carbon-containing acid employed may be of individualcharacter or associated with, combined or carried in suitable vehicle so long as it is delivered directly or indirectly to the metal of the metal-containing substances of the road or roadway existing as such, or materials to be employed in its construction.

Instead of mixing the tannic acid or tannic-acid bearing or delivering substance directly with the constituents of the road construction during the road building, it may be applied to a road or roadway after the same is constructed, by sprinkling a sufficiently fluid solution upon the road and allowing it to soak in, and preferably rolling the same thereafter to form a compact top dressing, and this mixture, when sprinkled upon or otherwise applied to the road surface, and allowed to soak in is preferably subjected to a second sprinkling or wetting by slightly more dense liquor consisting of approximately one part of the concentrated material, such as the chestnut wood extract of the composition before noted, to two of water, the interval of time between the two applications being suflicient to allow the first coat to be absorbed-and combined in such a manner as to act both as a cementing agent and as a leader or path for the more dense liquor to be absorbed, and for the pur ose of rolling and setting to be accomplishe The metal tannates, such as tannates gfjronplui nfiiii 9a .9i1 .s agiiiea a the 1i Ti ing of substantially insoluble nature, com- 40 bine or include the property of absorbing moisture without disintegration, and are reaching out for or absorbing moisture from the atmosphere under all favorable conditions and maintaining the ingredients bonded by them in a sufliciently moist condition to be resilient and elastic, without enhancing the binding properties or injuring the cemented character of the material.

Themetal compounds or salts formed by the combination of carbon-containing acids such as tannic acids, provide a superior bonding vehicle or material for the constituents of road bodies or dressings, and it is A here intended to include all such metal carbon-containing acid compounds or $111535;

S11ssfianaall mserutisgafigg, 5553? more or less hygroscopid'liaracter, such as the metal salts or compounds of resin acids and o ers 0 way mm or a y natur of w 1011 tannic aci is a species.

e tamiic acid employed may be applied as free acid either alone or associated with other vehicles, substances or fillers, or it ma be derived from substances capable of 66 yie ding same by decomposition or dilli551 teueesmaas, Cross Reference Examiner COAllNG UR PLAS HC 9 0 1,213,555 a which carries aldgh des an capa e 75 of forming and delivering t anpig decomposition. e anna s employed as binding agents may be also noted as exhibiting the additional r'o erty of bein antiseptigg and ggrmici ggs so that dust asiociate with stl'tli 8O ma erla 'would not act as a disease-carrying medium.

It is sometimes found advisable to mix with substances of the character of the chestnut wood extract referred to, other substances carrying more solid matter or othe fillers, such as a concentrated s vent ta a li u which is now genera y irown away a ffle tanneries, or associating therewith such substances as sulfite 111 211i? or substances derived there rom.

It will be noted that this invention is particularly directed to the metal carbon acid salts'or compounds, such as'tannic acid compounds or salts of metal in contra-distinction to and from the ethereal salts or esters of tannic acid and the like as described and claimed in a companion application, Serial Number, 784,884. 1 Another source of carbon-containin acid may be noted as that w 10 occurs urin E the oxidation of an a e" e so t a 1S invention me u es e irect formation of such acids by associating materials capable of forming the same, such as an aldehyde subjected to oxidation in the presence of substances ca able of combining. with the 7 acid produce either directly or after such acid 18 formed, as well as the employment no of free acid arse or' aci iv other sources uc compounds of organic or other nature capable of yielding or delivering the same upon chemical transformation, reaction, or dissociation.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A road or roadway com osition, comprising a road base and bin ing substance including a water-insoluble metal compound of a carbon-acid of aromatic type.

2.- A road or roadway composition comrising a road base, a filler, and a watermsoluble metal compound of a carbon-acid 5 of aromatic type.

3. A road or roadway composition comprising a road'base, a filler, a dressing and a water-insoluble metal compound of a carhon-acid of aromatic type. a

4. A road or roadway composition, comprising a road base and binding substance including a water-insoluble metal compound of tannic acid.

5. A road or roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, and a waterinsoluble metal compound of tannic acid.

6. A road or roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, and a water insoluble nietal salt ofa carbon-acid of arcmatic type.

I 9. A road or roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, a dressing and a water-insoluble metal salt of a carbon-acid of aromatic type.

10. A road or roadway composition, comrising a road base and binding substance, mcluding a water-insoluble metal salt of tannic acid. v

11. A road or roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, and a waterinsoluble metal salt of tannic acid.

12. A road or roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, a dressing and a water-insoluble metal salt of tannic acid.

.13. A road or roadway composition, comrising a road base and a binding substance including a water-insoluble metal ,tannate.

14. A road or roadway composition, comprisin .a road base, a filler, and a waterinsolu le metal tannate.

15. A roador roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, a dressing and a water-insoluble metal tannate. 4

16. A road or roadway composition com- 'prising a road base and a binding substance including iron tannate.

17. A road or roadway composition comprising a road base, a filler, and iron tannate. a v

18. A road or roadway composition, comprising a road base, a filler,.a dressing and iron tannate. b

7 19. The combination in a road or roadway of a. bonding substance comprising a metal compound of a carbon acid of aromatic type.

20. The'combination al road or'roadway of a bonding substance comprising a wagerinsoluble metal compound of tannic acl 21. The combination in a road or roadway of a bonding substance comprising a metal salt of a carbon acid of aromatic type.

22. The combination in a road or roadwayof a bonding substance comprising a water-insoluble metal tannate.

23. The combination in a road or roadway of a bonding substance comprising iron tannate. f

In test' ny whereof I affix my signature in presenceof two witnesses.

ROBERT FULTON TOMPKINS. [L- B.]

Witnesses:

WM. J. JULIEN, RALPH E. Hnmoox. 

